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Learning Oracle PL:SQL - Working Files/Chapter 1/blockstructure.sql

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BEGIN

  -- simplest block of SQL

  NULL;

END;



DECLARE

  v_variable NUMBER;

BEGIN

  -- simple code block with 1 variable

  v_variable := 1;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('v_variable = ' || v_variable);

END;



BEGIN

  -- embedded blocks

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First Block');

  BEGIN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Second Block');

  END;

END;



DECLARE

  -- embedded block and variables

  v_outer_variable NUMBER := 1;

BEGIN

  DECLARE

    v_inner_variable NUMBER := 2;

  BEGIN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable || ' ' ||

                         v_inner_variable);

  END;

END;



DECLARE

  -- embedded block and duplicate variable names

  v_outer_variable NUMBER := 1;

BEGIN

  DECLARE

    v_outer_variable NUMBER := 2;

  BEGIN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable);

  END;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable);

END;



DECLARE

  -- embedded block and variables

  v_outer_variable NUMBER := 1;

BEGIN

  DECLARE

    v_inner_variable NUMBER := 2;

  BEGIN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable || ' ' ||

                         v_inner_variable);

  END;

  -- fails because v_inner_variable is out of scope

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_outer_variable || ' ' ||

                       v_inner_variable);

END;



CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE abc AS

  -- block structure within a procedure

BEGIN

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello');

END;

/



BEGIN

  -- block structure when calling a procedure

  abc;

END;



DROP PROCEDURE def;



CREATE PROCEDURE def AS

  -- end labels

  PROCEDURE ghi IS

  BEGIN

    NULL;

  END ghi;

BEGIN

  NULL;

END def;



BEGIN

  -- label defined in code

  <<label_one>>

  BEGIN

    NULL;

  END label_one;

END;

Learning Oracle PL:SQL - Working Files/Chapter 1/control.sql

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BEGIN

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple IF THEN END IF');

  IF TRUE THEN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE');

  END IF;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('IF THEN ELSE END IF');  

  IF TRUE THEN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE');

  ELSE

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('FALSE');

  END IF;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('IF THEN ELSIF ELSE END IF');  

  IF TRUE THEN

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE');

  ELSIF TRUE = FALSE THEN

       DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE AND FALSE');

  ELSE

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('FALSE');

  END IF;

END;



DECLARE

  v_value NUMBER := '1';

BEGIN

  CASE v_value

  WHEN 1 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 1');

  WHEN 2 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 2');

  WHEN 3 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 3');

  ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('What is it?');

  END CASE;

END;



DECLARE

  v_value NUMBER := '1';

BEGIN

  CASE

  WHEN v_value = 1 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 1');

  WHEN v_value = 2 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 2');

  WHEN v_value = 3 THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Its 3');

  ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('What is it?');

  END CASE;

END;



BEGIN

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('1');

  GOTO THIRD;

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('2');

  <<THIRD>>

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('3');  

END;



DECLARE

  v_variable NUMBER := 1;

BEGIN

  <<FAKE_LOOP>>

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_variable);

  v_variable := v_variable + 1;

  IF v_variable < 3 THEN GOTO FAKE_LOOP; END IF;

END;



BEGIN

  IF TRUE THEN

    GOTO else_statement;

  ELSE

    <<else_statement>>

    NULL;

  END IF;

END;



DECLARE

  v_number NUMBER := 1;

  PROCEDURE sub_proc IS

  BEGIN

    NULL;

    <<LABEL_ONE>>

    NULL;

  END;

BEGIN

  v_number := 1;

  GOTO LABEL_ONE;

  sub_proc;

END;

Learning Oracle PL:SQL - Working Files/Chapter 1/cursor loops.sql

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DECLARE

  CURSOR v_curs IS 

  SELECT *

    FROM animal;

  v_animal v_curs%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

  OPEN v_curs;

  LOOP

    FETCH v_curs INTO v_animal;

    EXIT WHEN v_curs%NOTFOUND;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_animal.animal_id || ' ' || v_animal.animal_name);

  END LOOP;

  CLOSE v_curs;

END;
 
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Learning Oracle PL:SQL - Working Files/Chapter 1/index by.sql

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DECLARE



  -- index-by type and variable

  TYPE v_index_by_t IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(30)

    INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;

  v_ib v_index_by_t;

  

  -- table type and variable

  TYPE v_table_t IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(20);

  v_table v_table_t := v_table_t();

  

  -- varray type and variable

  TYPE v_varray_t IS VARRAY(4) OF VARCHAR2(20);

  v_varray v_varray_t := v_varray_t();

  

BEGIN



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...when Empty...');

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By Count ' || v_ib.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Count    ' || v_table.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VARRAY Count   ' || v_varray.COUNT);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By First ' || v_ib.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table First    ' || v_table.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VARRAY First   ' || v_varray.FIRST);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By Last  ' || v_ib.LAST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Last     ' || v_table.LAST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('VARRAY Last    ' || v_varray.LAST);

  

END;



DECLARE



  -- index-by type and variable

  TYPE v_index_by_t IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(30)

    INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;

  v_ib v_index_by_t;

  

BEGIN



  -- add 3 entries

  v_ib(1) := 'A';

  v_ib(2) := 'B';

  v_ib(3) := 'C';

  

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...when 3 entries added...');

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By Count ' || v_ib.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By First ' || v_ib.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Index By Last  ' || v_ib.LAST);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...simple for loop..');

  FOR counter IN 1..v_ib.COUNT LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter || ' ' || v_ib(counter));

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...first and next..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_ib.FIRST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_ib(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_ib.NEXT(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...last and prior..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_ib.LAST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_ib(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_ib.PRIOR(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;

 

END;



DECLARE



  -- table type and variable

  TYPE v_table_t IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(30);

  v_table v_table_t := v_table_t();

  

BEGIN



  -- add 3 entries

  v_table.EXTEND(3);    

  v_table(1) := 'A';

  v_table(2) := 'B';

  v_table(3) := 'C';

  

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...when 3 entries added...');

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Count ' || v_table.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table First ' || v_table.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Last  ' || v_table.LAST);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...simple for loop..');

  FOR counter IN 1..v_table.COUNT LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter || ' ' || v_table(counter));

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...first and next..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_table.FIRST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_table(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_table.NEXT(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...last and prior..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_table.LAST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_table(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_table.PRIOR(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;

 

END;



DECLARE



  -- table type and variable

  TYPE v_varray_t IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(30);

  v_varray v_varray_t := v_varray_t();

  

BEGIN



  -- add 3 entries

  v_varray.EXTEND(3);    

  v_varray(1) := 'A';

  v_varray(2) := 'B';

  v_varray(3) := 'C';

  

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...when 3 entries added...');

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Count ' || v_varray.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table First ' || v_varray.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Last  ' || v_varray.LAST);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...simple for loop..');

  FOR counter IN 1..v_varray.COUNT LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter || ' ' || v_varray(counter));

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...first and next..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_varray.FIRST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_varray(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_varray.NEXT(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...last and prior..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_varray.LAST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_varray(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_varray.PRIOR(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;

 

END;



DECLARE



  -- table type and variable

  TYPE v_varray_t IS VARRAY(3) OF VARCHAR2(30);

  v_varray v_varray_t := v_varray_t();

  

BEGIN



  -- add 3 entries

  v_varray.EXTEND(3);    

  v_varray(1) := 'A';

  v_varray(2) := 'B';

  v_varray(3) := 'C';

  

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...when 3 entries added...');

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Count ' || v_varray.COUNT);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table First ' || v_varray.FIRST);

  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Table Last  ' || v_varray.LAST);



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...simple for loop..');

  FOR counter IN 1..v_varray.COUNT LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter || ' ' || v_varray(counter));

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...first and next..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_varray.FIRST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_varray(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_varray.NEXT(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('...last and prior..');

  DECLARE

    v_counter BINARY_INTEGER;

  BEGIN

    v_counter := v_varray.LAST;

    LOOP

      EXIT WHEN v_counter IS NULL;

      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_counter || ' ' || v_varray(v_counter));

      v_counter := v_varray.PRIOR(v_counter);

    END LOOP;

  END;

 

END;

Learning Oracle PL:SQL - Working Files/Chapter 1/loops.sql

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BEGIN



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple for loop');

  FOR counter IN 1..3 LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple reverse for loop');

  FOR counter IN REVERSE 1..3 LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple for loop with exit');

  FOR counter IN 1..3 LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

    EXIT;

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple for loop with conditional exit');

  FOR counter IN 1..3 LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

    EXIT WHEN counter = 2;

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple for loop with continue');

  FOR counter IN 1..3 LOOP

    CONTINUE;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

  END LOOP;



  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple for loop with conditional continue');

  FOR counter IN 1..3 LOOP

    CONTINUE WHEN counter = 2;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(counter);

  END LOOP;



END;

/



DECLARE

  v_stop_now BOOLEAN;

BEGIN



  v_stop_now := FALSE;

  LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple Loop 1');

    v_stop_now := TRUE;

    EXIT WHEN v_stop_now;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple Loop 2');

  END LOOP;



  v_stop_now := FALSE;

  WHILE NOT v_stop_now LOOP

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple While Loop 1');

    v_stop_now := TRUE;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Simple While Loop 2');

  END LOOP;



END;

/

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